03 · History

The Time before the rise of the sun (Days before Days)

When Middle-earth was young and the Powers shaped the land, the region of today Mûmakan looked much different than it is now. The Valar strove to fulfill the vision they had after the Ainulindalë and make the land ready for the arrival of the Children. Melkor however opposed them and tried to hinder their works whenever possible. Lands were raised and oceans spilled in this titanic struggle. Finally Melkor retreate and the Valar ordered Arda as best as they could after the destruction wrought by Melkor.

The later era is marked by elven supremacy in this region when Melkor is bound in Aman and Men are not yet existing. The area is claimed by several Avari tribes who relish in the wonders of the world.

The events which occur before the Years of the Trees were spread across a vast span of time and recorded in years of the Valar, which are like nearly 10 years of the sun (in fact 9,582 years). All events are listed in chronological order.

The years are counted in Valian Years and presented in the following fashion: Valian Year (Sun-Years before the rising of Anar: BS)

1 (47910 BS): The Valar enter Arda. They begin preparing the world for the coming of the Children of Ilúvatar. They struggle with Melkor who tries to hinder their works. For a long time, Melkor has the upper hand.
1500 (33537 BS): Tulkas enters Arda. Melkor retreats from Arda and hides in the Void.
1900 (29704 BS): The Valar raise the lights of Illuin and Ormal. The spring of Arda begins.
3400 (15331 BS): Outside Arda, Melkor gathers many spirits he has corrupted to his cause and enters the World in secret far to the north. He begins delving the halls of Utumno.
3450 (14852 BS): The Valar hold a great celebration at their home on the island Almaren in the center of the Great Lake in Middle-earth. Tulkas weds Nessa. Melkor casts down Illuin and Ormal. All lands quake and the seas roar. Destruction of Almaren. Melkor escapes as the Valar need their strength to save of their labor from ruin what could be saved as they restrain the tumults of the Earth in the following years. End of the spring of Arda. Some caverns with the primeval waters of Almaren survive beneath the blasted surface though. One is known as Fuinur’s Well (see ICE’s Hands of the Healer), another is Guinarnen where Moran is to be placed.
3490 (14469 BS): The Valar retreat to the western continent of Aman and fortify it by raising the Pelóri, the highest mountains upon Earth. Here they begin building their realm of Valinor.
3499 (14374 BS): Valinor completed.

First Age (Valian Years)

Years are counted still in Valian Years, but begin again with the year one. After the death of the Trees, years are counted exclusively in years of the sun.

Years of the Trees (s.a.)

1 (14372): Telperion and Laurelin, the Two Trees, grow and give light to the world.
1 – 1000 (14363−4791 BS): The Valar remain in Aman and leave Middle-earth unto Melkor. Only Oromë and Yavanna (and once Aulë) occasionally return to Middle-earth.
950 (5270 BS): Aulë makes the Dwarves in the darkness of Middle-earth, deep within a subterrean chamber. Ilúvatar finds mercy and gives life to the Dwarves. They are cast in a deep sleep in far sundered places until the coming of the Firstborn.
1000 (4791 BS): The Valar hold council concerning Melkor and the coming of the Firstborn. Varda begins the creation of the brightest stars.
1045 (4360 BS): Melian returns to Middle-earth
1050 (4312 BS): Vardas work is finished. Shortly thereafter the Elves awake.
1075 (4072 BS): Melkor discovers the Quendi.
1085 (3977 BS): Oromë finds the Elves and stays for a while with them.
1086 (3967 BS): Oromë returns to Valinor and reports on his discovery of the Quendi. Immediately thereafter, he returns to Cuiviénen.
1090 (3929 BS): The Valar hold counsel and decide to free the Elves from the Shadow of Melkor.
1090 – 1092 (3929−3909 BS): Battles in the northwest of Middle-earth. Angband is destroyed (though only superficially). Melkor flees to Utumno.
1092 – 1100 (3909−3833 BS): Siege of Utumno (Battle of Powers). Utumno is broken, Melkor chained and bound for three ages in Mandos.
1101 (3823 BS): The Valar resolve to invite the Elves to Aman.
1102 (3814 BS): Oromë goes back to Cuiviénen and bids the Elves to go to Aman. They are reluctant and choose three ambassadors to go first. These lords (Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë) are brought before the Valar and remain for a time in Valinor.
1104 (3794 BS): Oromë brings the three lords back. They counsel their people to follow the invitation.
1105 (3785 BS): First sundering of the Elves as many choose to remain in Middle-earth. The march of the Eldar begins.
1115 (3689 BS): The Eldar reach the Hithaeglir. The Vanyar and Noldor cross them while the Teleri linger behind.
1125 (3593 BS): The Vanyar and Noldor reach Beleriand. Oromë leaves them to counsel with Manwë.
1128 (3565 BS): Driven by Elwë, the Teleri reach Beleriand.
1129 (3555 BS): The Dwarves awake from their sleep and begin to search for places to settle.
1130 (3545 BS): Elwë is lost in trance with Melian in Nan Elmoth.
1132 (3526 BS): Oromë returns to Beleriand. The Vanyar and Noldor are being ferried on Tol Eressea to Aman.
1133 (3517 BS): The Vanyar and Noldor reach Aman. The Calacirya is made through the Pelóri. The realm of Eldamar and the city of Tirion are founded.
1139 (3459 BS): Khazad-dûm is founded by Durin the First (the Deathless). It is later called Hadhodrond by the Sindar (when they learn of it through the Stiffbeards and Broadbeams).
1140 (3450 BS): Tirion is completed. Tumunzahar (Nogrod) and Gabilgathol (Belegost) are founded by the Stiffbeards and Broadbeams on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains.
1142 (3430 BS): Galathilion is planted in Tirion.
1149 (3363 BS): At the prayer of Finwë and the Noldor, Ulmo steers Tol Eressea back to Middle-earth to bring the Teleri to Aman. Ossë persuades some to remain at the shore of Beleriand. These are the later Falathrim. Círdan the Shipwright is their lord.
1150 (3354 BS): Olwë leads the willing Teleri unto the island-ferry and they depart from Middle-earth. The Vanyar begin leaving Tirion for the land of Valinor.
1151 (3344 BS): On the Teleri’s request, Ossë makes fast Tol Eressea in the bay of Eldamar.
1152 (3334 BS): Elwë awakes from his trance. He is found by the remaining Teleri and becomes their king.
1161 (3248 BS): At the pleas of the Teleri on Tol Eressea, Ossë teaches them the art of ship-building and they depart for Eldamar. Building on the city of Alqualondë is begun.
1163 (3229 BS): The Kinn-lai reach the region of Ardor. They belong to the Nelyarin part of the Quendi (the Nelyar who left on the great March were later called Teleri).
1165 (3210 BS): The last of the Vanyar leave Tirion for Valinor.
1170 (3162 BS): The city of Mâblad-dûm is founded by Bávors Folk.
1179 (3076 BS): Fëanor born in Tirion. The Noldor discover the earth-gems and develop tools for their crafting. Rúmil invents the first written letters.
1180 (3066 BS): Míriel departs for Mandos. Finwë is in grief.
1188 (2990 BS): Finwë weds Indis of the Vanyar.
1190 (2970 BS): Fingolfin born.
1194 (2932 BS): Lúthien born.
1230 (2587 BS): Finarfin born.
1235 (2539 BS): The Arana (under the leadership of Lyan, Lysa and Lyerin) come to the land of Ardor. They love the land and enjoy their new home. These Avari belong to the Tatyar (those of the Tatyar who left for Aman became the storied Noldor).
1240 (2491 BS): Maedhros born.
1245 (2443 BS): The Naugrim first cross the Ered Luin and meet the Sindar. Morthaur is born.
1250 (2396 BS): Fëanor improves Rúmil’s letters and invents the craft of gem-making.
1260 (2300 BS): Maglor born.
1280 (2108 BS): Finarfin marries Earwen of Alqualondë.
1285 (2060 BS): Fingon born.
1287 (2041 BS): Ardana is born in Tirion.
1290 (2012 BS): Celegorm born.

1296 (1955 BS) Caranthir born.

1297 – 1299 (1945−1926 BS): Menegroth is built with Dwarven help. Subsequently creatures of Melkor enter Beleriand for the first time. They are driven back by the Sindar. During this time, the Green-Elves enter Beleriand and settle in Ossiriand.
1305 (1868 BS): Foretelling of hard times and incursions of Melkoric monsters (notably the Uvag-Aak) leads the Kinn-lai to the crafting of arms and the fortification of their land. Hereby they are aided by the Naugrim of Bávors Folk. Work on the city of Taurondë is begun. On this task, they cooperate with their Tatyar brethren. The ties between the two groups are strengthened.
1315 (1773 BS): Curufin born.
1320 (1725 BS): The Arana begin building their triangular buildings; the most notable (and important) of these is Ty-Ar-Rana. Subsequently, the Elves are plagued by incursions of Melkoric monsters.
1340 (1533 BS): Finrod born.
1345 (1485 BS): Turgon born.
1347 (1466 BS): Ardana moves to the north of Eldamar where the light of the Trees is most dim.
1350 (1437 BS): Orodreth born.
1355 (1389 BS): Amrod and Amras born.
1360 (1341 BS): Angrod and Aegnor born.
1362 (1322 BS): Galadriel born.
1365 (1294 BS): Aredhel born.
1371 (1236 BS): The Great Raid. Great numbers of Orcs and other monsters invade Ardor. They are defeated by the combined forces of the Arana and Kinn-lai.
1380 (1159 BS): A great part of the Arana leaves Ardor and seeks more peaceful lands. Eventually they arrive in the later Dominions and found the realm of Valagalen.
1400 (958 BS): Melkor brought before the judgement of the Valar. He pretends to repent his deeds and is pardoned.
1449 – 1450 (489−479 BS): Fëanor creates the Silmaril.
1450 – 1490 (479−96 BS): Melkor sows lies and jealousy between the Noldor. The Noldor (especially Fëanor) mourn against the Valar.
1490 (96 BS): Melkors lies are discovered and he hides himself. Fëanor is banned from Valinor for 12 years. He goes to his northern fortress of Formenos.
1492 (77 BS): Melkor appears in Formenos. Fëanor slams his door before him. Melkor leaves Valinor and goes to Arvalin in the South. He allies himself with Ungolianth.
1495 (48 BS): Melkor and Ungolianth destroy the Two Trees. Melkor slays Finwë in Formenos and sacks the place. All of the bright gems are stolen including the Silmaril. Fëanor names Melkor Morgoth for the first time. Morgoth and Ungolianth escape to Middle-earth and she devours the gems Morgoth has stolen in Formenos. Balrogs rescue Morgoth (and the Silmarils) from Ungolianth. He begins the rebuilding of Angband. Oath of Fëanor and Kinslaying of Alqualondë. Beginning of the March into exile.
1496 (38 BS): Prophecy of the North and Doom of Mandos.
1497 (29 BS): The Noldor come to the northern reaches of Araman. Fëanor leaves with the ships of the Teleri. He lands at Losgar and burns the ships. Fingolfin marches northward to cross the Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice between Aman and Middle-earth.
1497 (28 BS): Dagor-nun-Giliath, death of Fëanor.
1498 – 1500 (19−1 BS): Crossing of the Helcaraxë.
1499 (7 BS): Maedhros captured by Morgoth and shackled to the sheer face of the Thangorodrim.
1499 (6 BS): Leaving the host while crossing the Helcaraxë, the male Fëatur repents his deeds and tries to return westward over the Grinding Ice. He is given pardon by the Valar. As a penance, he is sent back to Middle-earth (again via the Helcaraxë) and combat evil, especially his sister. He becomes the driving power versus the later Court.
1500 (1 BS): Fingolfin’s host sets foot on Middle-earth. The moon arises for the first time.

The First Age (Years of the Sun)

This period is marked by the rise of the Great Lights (moon and sun), the appearance of mankind and the establishment of several novelties: the first men to wander in the region found the realm of Geshaan under elven guidance, the Court is formed and finally defeated in their quest (at least for a time). The First Age in the Far South resembles in a sense the struggle in Beleriand.

The chronology is now counted exclusively in Years of the Sun

1: Rising of the Sun. The servants of Morgoth, used to darkness, are dismayed and confused. Men, the mortals, awaken in Middle-earth.
15 – 35: By using his formidable powers of subterfuge, corruption (through his servant Sauron), and brute force Morgoth brings Ardana and a handful of other Noldor of the later Court into his service.
50: Formation of the Guild of Elements by five Elven Lords in the south: Chrys Menelrana, Carnil Ravire, Talan Linvairë, Ralian, and Elerior. The first is one of the exiled Noldor (driven by foresight to come to the South), the others being Kinn-lai and Arana. They strive to combat all evils sowed by Morgoth.
Many of the Kinn-lai and Arana are estranged by the acceptance of a ‘traitor’ among their lords and renounce their following to these.
60: After the Dagor Aglareb, Morgoth charges Ardana with the destruction of the Sun and Moon.
78: Taurclax and Khelekar reach the lands of Ardor and begin to build a citadel. They act as reconnaissance for the future Court and provide Ardana with valuable information.
120: Fëatur meets the Three of Ty-Ar-Rana.
140: Formation of the Starseer Conclave.
150: Ardana meets Morthaur; they forge an alliance.
c. 150: The first men migrate into Ardor. They settle in the region which later becomes the center of Geshaan.
166: Ardana and Morthaur come to Ardor. Using her considerable powers of persuasion she convinces many of the dissatisfied Kinn-lai and Arana (s.a.) of her repentance concerning her Elda ancestry and her aim to create a world illuminated only by the stars. Some take her, Morthaur and Valmorgûl as their lords.
170: The rest of the Elda members of the Court reach Ardor. They are met with joy (repeating Ardana’s motives) by the dissatisfied Avari who have not yet joined the Ardan cause and ally themselves with these lords.
175: Official founding of the Court as an organization.
170 – 400: Construction of the Citadel of Ardor and the eight holds.
c. 200: Rise of the realm of Geshaan under the guidance of the Three of Ty-Ar-Rana, who spread the Tyar religion among the men of this realm.
301: Founding of the Darin Tesarath by Fëatur. Beginning of the decline of Geshaan due to Ardan manipulations.
302: Morfuin arrives at the Citadel.
305: Formation of the Luingon (Q./S. “Commander of Blue”) Alliance: the Guild of Elements, the Three of Ty-Ar-Rana, and the Starseer Conclave.
c. 400: More mannish groups (notably the Kirani) migrate into Ardor and settle there. They live as subjects and pupils of the masters of Geshaan. Their cosmology stems to a good part from Geshaan teachers, who in turn learned much of their lore from the Three of Ty-Ar-Rana.
c. 480: The realm of Geshaan reaches its cultural and political peak. Their empire encompasses nearly all territories of the later Mûmakan (in a wider sense). Soon thereafter unrest catches the men of Geshaan.
501: Around this time, the ancestors of the Mûmakanril reach the region and settle in the region which still bears their name. Their mythology takes on much of the darker sides of Geshaan religion.
507: Birth of the twins Morelen and Moran (who is “dead”) to Ardana, fathered by … Moran is secretly placed in a magical sleep at Guinarnen by (the male) Fëatur.
550 – 600: Several catastrophies — all caused by the Court (crop failures, pestilences, civil war, floodings, etc.) — : lead to the final fall of the realm of Geshaan.
598: Betrayal of the Court by the male Fëatur: the Ritual of the Fall of the Lights is aborted by the temporary disappearance of the sacrifice, Morelen, at the crucial time. Also, the Luingon Alliance attacks the Citadel: the eight gems of Unlight also required for the Ritual are stolen. Death of Lyaan and Lysa of the Three and Four of the inner Five of the Guild. The Court of Ardor is disorganized as his defeat brings them the wrath of Morgoth. Fearing retribution, the Lords flee into the East. The Holds of Ardor are abandoned. Lyerin of the Three wanders in shadow.
603: War of Wrath: final overthrow of Morgoth. Ruin of Angband, fall of Beleriand, and changing of much of Middle-earth, including the final ecological catastrophe in Geshaan. The Guild of Elements dissolves. The artifacts of the Court, linked to Morgoth, are useless, including Ardana’s cards. End of the First Age.

The Second Age

1: Founding of the Grey Havens.
1 – 10: The Chaialla leave Chy and journey to Tulwang.
c. 1 – 100: Apysaic speaking peoples move into and inhabit the fertile river valleys of Sîrayn.
c. 20: The Kirani, a subgroup of the Haradrim, begin to organize themselves to a greater degree in the region of later Koronandë. Apysaic-speaking peoples cross the Chy Passes and settle in Southern Harad. The Chaialla flee the lands that would become known as Hyarn.
32: Founding of Númenor.
c. 50: Surviving loyal Tyar priests who fled their declining realm into the castle of Kirnak near Tâliran begin to teach the basic beliefs of their religion to the local Kirani. The Adena, a large confederation of Apysaic peoples, migrate acrossd the river Aronyar (Ia. “Norpûl”) and into Araden (Hyarn). They form the bulk of the population of these region for the ages to come.
60 – 80: The last Tyar priests die without successors — : certainly a remnant of the Court’s curse. Their books of knowledge are lost.
103: Founding of Koronandë as a united realm.
298 – 312: Last of the founders of the Guild of Elements, Chrys Menelrana, constructs outposts to watch over the holds of Ardor now abandoned, to assure that the Court does not arise again. Order of the Watchers established.
353: Sea-faring Ûsakani people land for the first time on the western shores of the great bay that still bears their name.
c. 450: The now-settled peoples of Sîrayn start to build cities in Chennacatt and Isra.
c. 500: Sauron begins to stir again.
510: Chrys departs for the Undying Lands.
c. 600: Thirteen independent self-governing cities are fully established along the Sîresha river and its tributaries.
c.650: A second confederation of Apysaic peoples move into Hyarn and come in conflict with their predecessors.
c.680: The Adena eventually force the Drel to resettle in the rugged and wooded country south of the Bay of Drel.
c. 700: The Númenóreans visit the region of Tulwang and Hyarn for the first time.
703 – 707: Four Drel clans move eastward across the low gaps in the Yellow Mountains and settle along the southern coast of Endor. These people gradually become known as the Pel.
755: Laurrë vanishes, trapped in sleep at Guinarnen (S. “Water of Living”)
820: The Sederi and Ûsakani strike westward theough the Cleft of Goats. They struggle with the highland Adena and are driven back into Ûsakan after their defeat in the Battle of the Sighing Springs.
972: First landing of Númenóreans in Koronandë
1100 – 1220: Sederi tribes gradually migrate into Araden (Hyarn), displacing many of the Adena tribes.
c. 1200: Sauron moves into Mordor and makes it his own. The vigilance of The Watchers fails. Ardana and Morthaur return to the Citadel and lay plans to recover the gems of Unlight and complete the charge, seizing Middle-earth for themselves.
1200: Sauron, in his disguise as Annatar — the Lord of Gifts — begins to beguile the Elven Smiths of Eregion.
1200 – 1300: Frequent raids of Mûmakanril armies into Koronandë’s territory.
1230: The Great Earthquake. The river Koros alters his course, leaving Korlan without port.
1249: The Great Mûmakanril attack. Siege of Korlan and relief by a Númenorean force.
1251: Ardulion establishes a Númenórean haven at Lond Anarion (Caras Hyarn), on the upstream side of the river Aronyar.
1251 – 1300: Colonists from Lond Anarion settle in Araden, the grassy region to the south of the Aronyar. They dominate the disunified and often-quarreling Aden and Seder peoples who are indigenous to the area. Araden is thereafter known as Hyarn.
1253 – 60: The port of Korlan is rebuilt with Númenórean help. Long walls between the old city and the new port are built to protect the Kirani from their aggressive neighboors.
1276: Ardor begins to coalesce again with the return of the Lords, and thus potential for swift domination of a confused people when Darkness falls again. Ardana forges the cards anew. All of the places of the Watchers are long abandoned, but so cunningly are they made that they remain undetected by the Court.
1350: The Ardan Council meets again.
c. 1500: The Smiths of Eregion begin to forge the Rings of Power under Sauron’s watchful eye. After the completion of the Nine and the Seven he leaves Eregion.
1580 – 90: Celebrimbor alone makes the Three.
1600: Sauron completes the One Ring in Orodruin. The Three Rings are hidden.
1666: The insane mystic Arvarien proclaims the founding of Mirëdor at her citadel high atop an islet overlooking the south-central coast of the Bay of Drel. Her dream fail within weeks when her son Imrazor has her drowned. Her fortified fief, however, remains the dominant center in the extreme Southwest of Endor.
1693: War of the Elves and Sauron begins.
1697: Eregion laid waste. The Seven and Nine are captured by Sauron. Death of Celebrimbor. Moria is shut.
1701: Sauron defeated and driven back by forces from Númenor and Lindon.
c. 1750: Sauron’s agents first enter Mûmakan and begin influencing the Shaman-lords in the Land of the Mûmakil.
c. 1780: Ardûval begins to entice the Starseer Conclave.
1792: Despite Ûsakani resistance, the Númenorean port of Lond Hallacar is founded along the jungle-infested northeastern coast of the Bay of Ûsakan.
1800: The male Fëatur, in Guinarnen to check on Moran, discovers Laurrë and releases him. They make an alliance.
1823: Herundil (Akhôrahil), the second of the fallen Númenóreans (and the future Storm King) to become Nazgûl is born in Númenór.
1849: The kingdom of Ciryatandor is founded. Herundil (Akhôrahil) becomes its Crown Prince.
c. 1850: Under Tar-Ciryatan, Númenor starts to militarily exact concessions from the peoples of Endor. The colony at Lond Hallacar (the later Sarûl) grows rapidly, and ships once bound for Korlan begin docking in the Adan port.
1888: The Tantûraki naval base on the outer isle of Ardinaak is abandoned after a mysterious disease hit all inhabitants. The name of the island is not spoken thereafter and the place shunned by everyone. Akhôrahil assumes the throne of Ciryatandor under the name of the Storm King.
1890 – 1950: The armies of the Storm King of Ciryatandor conquer all lands along the northern edge of the Ered Laranor from the Belegaer to the Bay of Ormal.
1952: The Storm King orders the building of a capital for the eastern half of his kingdom. Ny Chennacatt is chosen as the site for this project. Work on the fortress Fhûl which guards the strategic route south (the Yól Sari) begins too.
1965: Indûr Dawndeath is born as Jí Indûr in the city of Korlan. Heir to the fortune of the wealthiest oligarchic family in the Kiran republic of Koronandë, he is the youngest man ever elected governor in any of the realm’s six districts.
1972: The work in Ny Chennacatt and Fhûl is complete. Ciryatandor’s forces cross the Ered Laranor and establish an outpost near the Pel Dûshera, from which their armies operate thereafter.
1985: Jí Indûr becomes a powerful representative to Koronandë’s twelve-member assembly. He lobbies for the creation of a central government to contest the growing might of Númenor because the young merchant-lord fears the loss of his precious commercial interests in the region around the Bay of Ûsakan. In addition to his material interests, Jí Indûr perceives a threat to his people’s independence.
1987 – 88: Indûr slowly accumulates support among the wealthy merchants and warriors of Koronandë, as well as among many of the Elves of nearby Tâliran. Elven sentiments vary like those of the Kirani, but the majority fear that the growing Númenorean prejudice against the Firstborn will lead to war.
1987: With the support of key figures among his own people and the tacit approval of the Kirani’s Firstborn allies, Indûr seizes control of Koronandë’s assembly.
1988: Indûr forces Koronandë’s republican assembly to disband. An advisory council comprised of oligarchs replaces the assembly. The advisory council promptly elects Indûr as the new King of Korlan. Koronandë becomes a monarchy.

The Order of Horus is founded by Valkrist.

1988 – 2007: Hundreds of freedom-loving Kirani resist the elevation of Indûr, and civil rebellion racks the realm.
2007: The arrival of the “Magician” (the disguised Valmorgûl) in Tantûrak polarizes support for Jí Indûr and appears to doom the rebel cause. Relations between the Adan colony and the Kirani reach the edge of war and out of fear, the people of Koronandë seek unity. Confident, the young monarch calls for a great public celebration. His plan to gather popular support for an unpopular war and an illegal regime fails when Korlan’s governor Loran Klien stands at the rostrum above the crowd and offers a return to republican rule. The Kirani spontaneously applaud the age-old solution and rioting ensues. After fierce fighting between his supporters and enemies the self-styled King of Koronandë flees east to Mûmakan. Sauron’s agents residing in the home of the Mûmakil enable Jí Indûr to find a refuge after his overthrow.
2008: The tall Kiran provides the Lord of the Rings an opportunity to further his sordid goals in the Utter South, while Sauron offers the exiled King a new throne. This heinous pact dooms the Mûmakani.
The Evil One gives Indûr a Ring of Power. Jí Indûr captures the throne of Mûmakan on behalf of his evil mentor. He is crowned Jí Amaav II of Mûmakan. The people believe his arrival to be the second coming of the legendary First-king — the God-lord Amaav — and the proud Kiran has little trouble seizing control of the troubled nation. Ruling from the holy city of Amaru, Indûr unites the semi-nomadic tribes and lays plans for further conquest. His reign lasts 1252 years, during which the Mûmakanril become a corrupt people who subjugate Gan, eastern Dûshera and most of the great southern archipelago. His troops are also able to cross the eastern Ered Laranor (S. “Yellow Mountains”) and establish themselves at the Bay of Ormal.
2013: Akhôrahil accepts a Ring of Power and becomes the fifth Lord of Man to fall under Sauron’s spell.
c. 2060: The Starseer Conclave is under the firm control of Ardûval although he does not hold any title within the organization.
2084: Increased raiding from the Storm King’s troops in northern Ûsakan leads to war with Tantûrak.
2090: The war between Tantûrak and Ciryatandor comes to an end with the great victory of the Tantûraki at the river Uvar. Ciryatandor calls back its remaining forces from the southern side of the Ered Laranor.
2145: Construction of the great fortress of Ramôrth at the source of the Uvar river to guard northern Tantûrak is begun.
2153: Ramôrth is completed. In the following decades it attracts many settlers, making it the primary city in the province. Its purpose is obsolete however, because thereafter no attacks from the north are made: the Storm King needs his resources for more profitable conquests north of the Ered Laranor. The Tantûraki however, believe the fortress to be the main reason for this new peace.
2221: Tar-Atanamir the Great of Númenor dies, the first King of Westernesse to pass without first relinquishing the scepter. His death brings Tar-Ancalimon to the throne and fosters a renewal of the programs that Tar-Atanamir had abandoned during the infirm years preceding his demise. After reordering Númenor, the new King turns to his colonies in Endor and seeks a reaffirmation of their loyalty.
2250: Ciryatandor becomes an official ally of Mordor.
2251: Tar-Ancalimon proceeds to plan the reconquest of the territory held in thrall by the Storm King.
2280: Tar-Ancalimon orders Umbar strengthened and expanded, making it the greatest citadel in the region. A Númenorean army lands in Tulwang, defeats the Ciryatandorian forces and causes the Storm King to flee his kingdom. This victory preserves the prospects for further Adan exploitation in Bellakar, Ciryatandor and Bozisha-Miraz.
2370: The Darin Tesarath open their guildhouse in Tûl Harar and Tûl Isra and sixty years later in Bozisha-Dar.
2580: First appearance of the wandering wizard Lianis in the area. He cares especially for the Kirani and support them in every way to resist the power of Sauron (represented by Mûmakan).
2591: The first wave of deportees from Eriador is set ashore by the Númenóreans. They become the ancestors of the Hathorians.
2597: The last deportees arrive in the South.
2626: Unification of the Hathorian tribes under the legendary first king Menes. The Hathorians become his second people of special interest.
3010: Indûr reduces Hathor to a subject state of his empire. Further Mûmakanril expansion to the west proves unsuccessful in the face of opposition from the Ardan Council and the inherent strength of the Elves, Númenoreans and Kirani who dominate the region. This situation leads to the Ringwraith’s pact with the Magician of Tantûrak. With Mûmakanril support, Tantûrak throws off the yoke of Númenorean rule, declares itself an independent kingdom, severes all relations with Tâliran, and reduces association with Koronandë.
3010 – 17: Ar-Zimrathon of Númenor fails to crush the rebellion in Tantûrak, so the sundering succeeds. A few months later, Tantûrak and Koronandë abdicate the treaty of peace, leaving the Kirani surrounded by hostile neighbors. The coming years prove dark, as the Kiran republic becomes a disarmed and exploited land. Only the uncertain jealousies lingering between Tantûrak and Mûmakan prevent its outright conquest.
3213 – 15: Civil war in Miredor. Er-Imrazor’s fourteen children struggle for control of the Dominions. The seven youngest form an alliance called the Valdacli and defeat their disunified siblings in a series of sieges and pitched battles. The Valdaclian victory at Onpu Míspir ends the war.
3215: Founding of the Dominions of the Seven in the territory once encompassed by the Numenorean Princedom of Miredor.
3261: The Númenorean invasion of Endor. Ar-Pharazôn’s armada lands at Umbar. This invasion precludes the completion of Sauron’s armament. The Evil One journeys out of the Black Land to avert the destruction of his kingdom at the hands of the Númenorean invaders, enabling the Nazgûl to flee into hiding. Sauron is forced to surrender in the face of superior Adan arms and is taken as a captive to Númenor. While Sauron goes to Westernesse in bondage, the Ringwraiths patiently await his return.
3262: Ar-Pharazôn the Golden’s forces terminate Indûr’s reign in Mûmakan and end the independence of Tantûrak. The Númenorean invasion of Endor brings all of Westernesse’s former holdings in Middle-earth back into the Adan fold. Mûmakan and Koronandë become Númenorean subject states, their power shattered. Jí Indûr retreats to Mordor.
3265: Ar-Pharazôn exacts a heavy tribute from Koronandë and Mûmakan in order to offset the “cost of defending the allied states”.
3298: The Elven inhabitants of the Isle of Dînsûlinor openly speak of the Court and its motives (against the advice of Laurrë and the disguised male Fëatur) and declare their will to combat them in every way possible. The Court, realizing the threat to his plans calls forth all of his power and destroys the island in a brilliant display of arcane might. The remains become Rilgul (S. “Brilliant Death”). Its few surviving Elven inhabitants flee either to the Undying Lands, or to neighboring Tâliran, as the ecology of their homeland disintegrates. The survivors are hunted and many are caught and slain by minions of the Court.
The destruction of the isle is generally seen as a sign that the gods were displeased with the inhabitants’ doings and punished them (these rumors are fostered by minions of the Court, of course).
3319: Downfall of corrupt Númenor by the hand of Eru.
3320: After the Downfall of Númenor and the reappearance of the Dark Lord in Middle-earth, Indûr returns to the city of Amaru and vanquishes the confused Númenorean garrison. He begins the reconquest of all his former holdings and arms his empire for the coming war against the Eldar and Dúnedain.
Sauron perceives the power of the Court and bends his will upon them. Drained from their last great feat of destruction, they are forced to accede to his dominance. Celebring is sent as Sauron’s legate to the Court.
3322: Learning of the fate of Númenor, the king of Tantûrak declares himself the legitimate successor of the King in Armenelos and elevates himself to emperor and Tantûrak to an empire.
3391: Indûr leads his army in a campaign to subjugate the whole area south of the Ered Laranor and thereby strengthening the position of his master. He is opposed by Koronandë and Hathor, allied with the weakened Tantûrak (out of necessity).
3394: Indûr conquers all areas east of Tantûrak/Koronandë.
3396: The Mûmakanril army is met by the allied hosts. An epic battle ensues which is narrowly won by the allies but Indûr can retreat in good order. Indûr is forced to retreat to his core lands. The new conquests revolt and it takes some time (and many casualities) to bring them again under the Mûmakan fold.
3429: Indûr leads the (weakened) host of Mûmakan in the army that assails Ithilien in Gondor.
3430: Last Alliance of Men and Elves is formed against Sauron.
3434: Battle of Dagorlad. Indûrs army is nearly annihilated by Gondors troops.
3441: Sauron overthrown by Elendil and Gil-galad, who also perish. Isildur takes the One Ring and the Nazgûl pass into the Shadows. End of the Second Age.

The Third Age

10: The revolt of Hathor sparks the flame of rebellion in Mûmakan’s conquests. Dûshera, Tuktan, Gan and the isles of the southern archipelago break the yoke of the fallen Nazgûl’s empire in the following decades.
61: Founding of the town of Thôrion at the Bay of Ûsakan. It marks the current western border of Tantûrak and for many centuries it serves as the main basis for military operations and later colonization projects in the region bordering on western Ûsakan.
105: The Court recovers the first two Gems of Unlight from their hiding places.
270: Maarav II. of Mûmakan tries to regain the old empire by attacking Koronandë and Hathor. The conflict rages on for some years undecided, mainly because Koronandë is in conflict with Tantûrak, too. This conflict is later known as the Three States War.
287: At the advice of the Magician, Tantûrak signs a treaty of peace with Koronandë. Now the Tantûraki emperor is able to expand his territory north- and especially westward.
288: Hathor and Koronandë (which can now commit all his manpower to this campaign) begin an offensive into Mûmakan’s territory.
291: The annihilation of the Mûmakanril army and the complete eradication of the Mûmakanril royal family by the allied forces in the battle near the tombs of Oran-plaar ends the Three-States-War and eliminates the threat of Mûmakanril expansion for the next centuries. Their central government disintegrates completely and petty states built by individual tribes war at each other for the next centuries.
c. 300: Tantûrak begins its systematic expansion to the north and east.
407: Gorthaur begins his role as the returned Jí Amaav. His success is somewhat limited because of the missing hereditary items of the God-king and his inability to fully understand the mannish spirit (being an elf) and therefore represent the “returned Jí Amaav” convincingly.
438: The Court recovers the third gem.
c. 500: Gorthaur is able to bring the four most powerful of the twelve Mûmakanril tribes to his banner.
512: An earthquake damages the fortesses of Fhûl and to a lesser extent Ny Chennacatt.
500‑1200: The Wars of the Heretics (concerning the true religious path) keep the Mûmakanril from expanding and engage them in internal strife for seven-hundred years. Sporadic reappearences of Gorthaur as Jí Amaav during this period keep the internal Mûmakanril wars going.
c.550: A group of young slaves being brought through the area from Northern Endor escapes in the Tur Betark. They form a mountain group called the Danac.
634: When Tantûraks forces reach the river Tumakal which forms the border between Ûsakan and Tumag, the era of the great Tantûraki expansion comes to an end. Even the Uvag-Aak problem can be minimized with the careful clearing of portions of the northwestern Ûsakal forest.
664: Imrazor II. of Pel defeats the Magri at the Battle of Emyn Hith and subjugates Tumag later the same year. He is assassinated before he can consolidate his new realm. Mag and Tumag are lost to Pel. In the following years the Magri state of Sparta evolves and proves a nearly invincible foe though its own expansion is very limited.
685: Tantûrak is in firm control of all settled lands south of the Yellow Mountains and between the Tumakal and the Pel Dûshera. These lands become the core territory of Tantûrak thereafter, making this realm one of the strongest Arûwana states in Endor. Periodically, his borders are enlarged, but they never shrink seriously beyond the present ones.
712: The Darin Tesarath establish themselves in the lands of Mag and Tumag.
771: The Court seizes the fourth gem. The remaining three prove more difficult and none are recovered until the time of the campaign.
777: The city of Narad-dum is founded by Nar and his followers. They believe the city will never fall by virtue of the circumstances of its founding.
790: The Starseer Conclave is appointed the title “Seers of the King” in Hathor, thereby enabling Ardûval to act upon Hathorian politics (though not nearly as influential as Valmorgûl in his role as the “Magician” of Tantûrak).
c. 1000: Sauron reenters Middle-earth.
1015: The Haradrim slay King Ciryandil of Gondor. A Black Númenorean army led by Erakhôr of Dûsalan besieges Umbar.
1050: King Ciryaher of Gondor (r. T.A. 1015 – 1149), the last of the Ship-kings, marches southward to Umbar, defeats the Black Númenorean army together with their Haradrim allies and completes the conquest of Harad. He assumes the name Hyarmendacil and forces the Haradan lords to accept him as overlord. The Dúnadan realm of Gondor reaches its height.
1051: Nazgûl reappear in the South. Sauron enters Dol Guldur and assumes the role of the ‘Necromancer’. Akhôrahil resides for the next five hundred and ninety years in Ny Chennacatt.
1076: The last Ûsakani king dies without heirs. The offices of the Tantûraki emperor and Ûsakani king are united in personal union.
1078: Reconstruction at Fhûl begins.
1051 – 1250: Indûr consolidates his strength on the isle of E-Sorul Sare. He is especially enraged about the false Amaav’s doctrines and combats them wherever possible.
1103: Akhorahil’s forces are turned loose in Sirayn. The cities of Isra and Chenacatt are attacked. Narad-dûm closes its doors to the outside world.
1111: The Mablad, a tribe of Dwarves, appears in the western Yellow Mountains. They found the city of Blackflame.
1120: Eldarion of the Guild of Elements is caught in Naurlindol by Rilia. He is slain, and his Staff lost.
1168 – 74: The male Fëatur travels to the North. He seeks advice from the Wise concerning Ardor.
1179: Jí Indûr discovers that it is Gorthaur who pretends to be the God-lord of the Mûmakani. This earns the dark Noldo the special hatred of the Ringwraith.
1200 – 1600: In Ûsakan a gradual adoption of Tantûraki culture begins. Actually a lot of intermarriage occurs which results in a slow assimilation of the Ûsakani culture into the Ârûwâna realm.
1201: Obed I of Clan Másra unites the people of Sirayn and destroys the first Army of the Southern Dragon. He enlists the aid of Nar’s Folk in battle. The first year of the Siranean calendar.
1220: Jí Indûr is able to discredit Gorthaur in his role as Jí Amaav and prepares the realm for his return as the rightful king: Jí Amaav III.
1250: Jí Indûrs servants successfully maneuver the disarrayed tribes into a coalition commanded by his lieutenants. This loose union once again stirs the warlike Mûmak-riders into an aggressive policy of expansion.
1264: Sauron orders Indûr to fly to the Citadel of Ardor and seek an “alliance” with the Ardan Council, but the age-old rivalry for control of the Far South persists. Stalled by the group in Ardinaak, the Ringwraith considers the meeting an affront and councils the Dark Lord to avenge the rebuke. Sauron prefers to wait, however, for without the Ruling Ring, the Evil One regains his strength very slowly. Indûr’s rivals endure an uneasy peace that never sits well with the Úlair.
1265: Jí Indûr returns to Amaru and stages his reappearance as Jí Amaav with a great show of power, promises of conquest, and rich booty for the Mûmakani.
1265 – 1640: Jí Indûr rules Mûmakan as Jí Amaav III.
c. 1270: Ardana, worried by the growing of Sauronic cults in southern Middle-earth, begins to recruit followers for an “Ardan” dark religion. Gorthaur is placed as the High-Priest of these Cults.
c. 1300: Gorthaur reappears as the “True Jí Amaav” and combats the influence of Jí Indûr. His success is limited as he can sway the belief of only two Mûmakanril tribes. Until c. 1630 he is able to influence internal Mûmakanril politics in this manner.
1321: Exploiting the internal Mûmakan troubles, Tantûrak makes war in the East and is able to gain firm control of all lands west of the Koros and Koronandë.
1365: Tantûrak, completely under the influence of the immortal “Magician”, and confident in the light of his recent victories declares war on Koronandë. The conflict rages for seven years.
1367: A force at Fhûl is organized by Dulgu, the new General of the Army of the Southern Dragon.
1368: A group of of assassins led by Agbathû is formed. Akhôrahil uses them to dispose of his most threatening enemies.
1370 – 1436: Akhôrahil gains influence in Sîrayn by taking control of Clan Bulgan.
1372: The Kirani appear to be on the edge of collapse when they sign a treaty with Tantûrak by mediation from Mûmakan. Indûr’s intervention saves the Kiran republic from defeat, but it begins an era of Mûmakanril influence.
1373 – 1640: This period is marked by the spate of ritualistic nocturnal assassinations that give birth to Indûr’s association with murder. Time after time, his enemies perish in their sleep, to be found at dawn — brutally executed.
1375: Akhorahils warriors begin to make forays into northern Ûsakan. Over the next years these raids become such a nuisance that Tantûrak has to direct a good portion of his military resources to keep this threat at bay.
1380: A bloody coup brings clan Bulgan to Power in Greater Harad. Tartas Izain (I) is the mastermind behind the throne in Isra.
1390: Alerted by forecasting of the coming of the decisive eclipse, the Guild decides to awaken Moran.
1391: The armies of Mûmakan, under Indûr’s personal direction, strike northward in a campaign against Dûshera. Little resistance is encountered from Koronande. Tantûrak stands alone against the Nazgûl’s warriors. This attack is coordinated with Akhorahil who opens a “second front” in northern Ûsakan with increased raiding.
1399: Led by the warlord Dulgu, Akhôrahil’s minions assail Tulwang in the first recorded campaign involving the Army of the Southern Dragon. It is finally repelled and the war drags on for three decades when the army takes quarters at Zajantak (just north of Ciryatandor) and makes regular forays into Tulwang.
1400: A reign of terror begins in Ûsakan by a series of brutal murders (incited by Akhôrahil).
1402: Dûshera falls finally when Tantûrak, exhausted from his previous war and the second front in the North, has to retreat finally. Indur brutally establishes his hegemony over its people. Immediately Ji Amaav III makes designs on Gan. The strong Tantûraki support of Ûsakan speeds the adoption of the Ârûwâna realm among the inhabitants.
1408: Dulgu is slain while campaigning in Bozisha-Miraz. The success of his campaign is limited but his troops are able to hold a few castles as bases for future actions.
1414: The Gark Nargalen discovers that the Half-troll Hargrog is responsible for the reign of Murder in Ûsakan. Being loyal to Valmorgûl (Nargalen being the latter’s spy within the Garks) he reports it and Hargrog barely escapes with his life when the “Magician” organizes the destruction of his stronghold.
1415: The Cult of the Dark Overlord founded in Ûsakan. In the following decades it spreads southwest as far as the Seven Lands (see ICE’s Shadow in the South).
1432 – 47: Kin-strife rages in Gondor. Castamir the Usurper rules the South Kingdom from T.A. 1437 until T.A. 1447. He is defeated and slain at the Battle of the Crossings of Erui by King Eldacar’s army of loyalists, but his rebels successfully retreat to Pelargir.
1436: Akhôrahil loses control of Sîrayn because Clan Bulgan is overthrown by Clan Másra.
1440 – 41: A mysterious illness rips through the Royal Court of Gan. The Queen and several of her children fall victim and perish. The Ganian nation is thrown into chaos, as several rival factions begin to dispute the validity of the crown.
1442: Mûmakanril forces launch an attack on Gan. Their victory is almost overnight. The Ganians welcome Ji Amaav as a saviour, promising an end to their civil strife. It ends the period of Gan’s independence, and the re-establishment of Mûmakan’s old south-spanning empire. Gan becomes an associated state (similar to the Ûsakan/Tantûrak relationship).
1448: The survivors of Castamir’s rebellious host seize the Gondorian Fleet based at Pelargir and sail southward across the Bay of Belfalas, seeking refuge from Eldacar’s army. The rebels land at Umbar and take the rich port city. They are known thereafter as the Corsairs of Umbar.
1449 – 50: Arcastur of Pel reveals the Speakings of the Fire, the dualistic tome incorporating the Words of Alûva and the Book of Malkôra. Arcastur becomes the first Prophet of the Servants of the Real Fire (see ICE’s Shadow in the South).
1487: Ar-Balazûn of Tantûrak is slain in an ambush while campaigning against Tumag by Ciryatandorian forces coming to the aid of Tumag. Tantûrak is forced to sign a humiliating treaty of peace. Tantûrak’s power on his western border wanes for a time.
1526: The Keepers of the True Flame first roam Sîrayn.
1540: King Aldamir of Gondor (r. T.A. 1490 – 1540) is slain while fighting a combined force of Corsairs and Haradrim.
1551: King Vinyarion of Gondor (r. T.A. 1540 – 1621) reconquers Harad. He is known thereafter as Hyarmendacil II.
1555: Clan Bulgan and the followers of the Storm King regain power in Tûl Isra.
c.1580: The Servants of the Real Fire begin to proselytize in Ûsakan.
1582: Tartas Izain (II) of Clan Bulgan is born and because of omens named after his famous predecessor. During the next sixty years he is one of the most valued servants of Akhôrahil.
c. 1600: Jí Indûr crushes the last remaining resistance versus his rule as Jí Amaav and executes all followers of the “False Amaav” (Gorthaur). From this time on, Gorthaur plays a negligible role in the Mûmakan, the Tantûraki influence is again on the upswing in the Tumag region.
1610: With the almost complete vanishing of the distinct Ûsakani culture, the realm is officially transformed into a province of Tantûrak.
1629: Tartas Izain caps his activities by coming to Tûl Isra as Taraskon.
c. 1630: Tantûrak persecutes the Servants of the Real Fire and is fairly successful at driving them from his territory within the next thirty years.
1633: The Half-troll Hargrog forms the Southern Slayers. Taurclax wields some power within this organization.
1634: Corsair raiders slay Minardil, the Gondorian King (r. T.A. 1621 – 34).
1635: Sangarunya, a warrior of Númenórean descent becomes Warlord of the Army of the Southern Dragon. His main goals are the subjugation of Ciryatandor, Far and Greater Harad.
1635 – 37: The Great Plague in northwestern Endor.
c. 1640: The Ringwraiths return to Mordor for a few years to reorganize the Black Land for eventual reoccupation. Jí Indûr leaves behind a well organized realm with a powerful central government and a trained army ready for conquest.
1641: Together with Clan Bulgan Tartas Izain is expelled from Tûl Isra. Akhôrahil removes Tartas’ head for losing his interests in Sîrayn.
1642: Taking advantage of Tantûraks occupation with internal problems, King Ulaar II. of Mûmakan announces his plan to conquer all the lands south of the Yellow Mountains. His troops march into Tuktan and Dûshera, overwhelming the defenders and securing the area within the year.
1644: Ar-Kiratôr of Tantûrak ascends the throne in Sarûl.
1647: Ar-Kiratôr of Tantûrak orders the preparation of his realm for a great war with Ciryatandor.
c. 1650: Repeated minor battles begin to break out between Mûmakan and Tuktan/Dûshera as the latter two revolt against Mûmakan rule. They are partially successful in driving the Mûmak-riders from their lands. The population of Mûmakan has increased markedly in the last few centuries, and the people of Tuktan and Hathor fear that war is impending, that the Mûmakanril king Ulaar II.‘s aim is to take control of all the Mûmakan region. Also, Orcs and Wargs, usually a very rare sight in the lowlands, are seen with increasing frequency, and begin raiding outlying Dûsheran villages.
1651: (February 8) The King of Hathor is assassinated (by the Winds of Taurang).
1651*: (June) The Company converges on the Blue Falcon Inn in Korlan. Klaen charges them with their task, and starts them on their quest.
1653: Ar-Kiratôr begins his great campaign against Ciryatandor. The “Magician” is left to govern the realm while Baratûn oversees the realm’s defense in the east. Mûmakanril raid against Hathor repelled by Hathor, Koronandë and Tantûrak.
1653: (August 8) Eclipse over the Citadel of Ardor: Time of the Ritual. Fall of the Court.
1654: (February) After Valmorgûl’s death at the cataclysm, Ardûval assumes the role as “The Magician” in Tantûrak. Inexperienced in Tantûraki politics, the role of the “Magician” shrinks for about two-hundred years.
1654: (June) Battle in the Cleft of Goats. The Tantûraki army is trapped and nearly annihilated by Ciryatandorian forces. Ar-Kiratôr barely escapes to Ûsakan.
Sangarunya, Warlord of the Army of the Southern Dragon chooses this moment to launch an all-out invasion of Ciryatandor. All resources of the Army are used in this campaign. The Ciryatandorian army, weakened by their battle with Tantûrak is beaten after a forced march to repel the northern invasion. At the last day of the year Sangarunya seizes the capital. He makes the realm the base for his campaign against Far Harad.
1655: King Moraar I. (the Great) of Mûmakan ascends the throne in Amaru. He reorganizes the army and crushes any resistance in Tuktan and Dûshera with utmost brutality. Most of the surviving Kirani flee Tuktan forever and find refuge in Koronandë. The rest is enslaved by Mûmakan.
1656: Hyarn is able to oppose Sangarunya but Tulwang is subjugated. Bozisha-Miraz (Far Harad) becomes his main objective.
1659: Moraar directs his armies into a two-pronged offensive: northwestward into Tantûrak and westward towards Koronandë and Hathor.
1661: The war against Koronandë comes to an end with the victory of the Kirani (with Hathorian help) before the gates of Korlan. The campaign against Tantûrak fares better as the death of Valmorgûl has left a power vacuum. Additionally the defeat in the west has considerably weakened the military might of Tantûrak. A series of minor battles which are mostly lost by the Tantûraki occurs between Mûmakan and Tantûrak.
1667: The great Mûmakanril victory at the Pel Dûshera isolates the northeastern Tantûraki possessions and neutralizes Tantûrak as a “super-power” for c. 500 years. Tantûrak has to hand over all the lands east of the Tumakal river (including the fortress of Ramôrth) to Mûmakanril control. The main body of the victorious troops turns eastward and joins with those of the Gan campaign.
1674: The subjugation of Gan is complete. Moraar decides to consolidate his empire as nineteen years of war have left their mark on the troops and his country. In the following years he reorganizes the new territories by appointing lords for the new provinces and erecting fortresses for the firm control of his new subjects.
1680: Ar-Kiratôr orders the extensive enlargement of the Tantûraki settlements in Mórenore to regain economic and military resources lost in the war with Mûmakan and the loss of the rich northeastern province.
1683: Sangarunya forces Hyarn into an alliance with Ciryatandor. The Dominions and Bozisha-Miraz remain an obstacle though.
1697: Moraar dies, leaving behind a solid and mighty empire, ready for further expansion.
1680 – 95: Sporadic rebellions in Tuktan and Dûshera break out, preventing Mûmakan from further conquests.
1700 – 1850: Mûmakan conquers about half of the great southern archipelago. Its success in Mórenore is more limited though.
1703: Sangarunya’s death while (unsuccesfully) campaigning against Bozisha-Miraz marks the begin of the decline of Ciryatandor. Akhôrahil returns to his old realm to stabilize the situation but it remains (deliberately) a secondary power for the next four hundred years. Tulwang liberates itself with the help of Bellakar, Hyarn is able to cut the alliance with Ciryatandor as well.
1705: Linsûl leaves the Utter South and goes northward over the Ered Laranor.
1757: Arriving in Bur Esmer, Linsûl observes the tragic condition of the “priestesses” of Ishtra’s cult. Making contact with a minor priestess, Syrsi Aranî, Linsûl teaches her much of the lore of the bards and the skills of artful seduction.
1810: Retaliating against Corsair raiders, Prince Telumehtar of Gondor reconquers Umbar. Although he controls the port only briefly, Telumehtar succeeds in driving the Corsairs from the city and slaying the last of Castamir’s descendants.
c. 2000: The rise of the Servants of Vatra in Far Harad. Later, Sauron’s Ringwraiths strike against Minas Ithil, the fortified capital of Ithilien, startling the valiant Gondorian garrison but failing to take the city. A two year siege ensues.
2002: Minas Ithil and its Palantír fall into the hands of the Ringwraiths, thereby ending any hold the South Kingdom retained over Mordor. From this time onward, the moonlit city is called Minas Morgul.
2099: Ny Chennacatt begins to pose less a threat to the Free Peoples of the South.
2137: The garrison at Fhûl is destroyed by the army of Chennacatt.
2156: Tantûrak begins war with Mûmakan over the posession of their former northern holdings.
2159: Koronandë and Hathor ally themselves with Tantûrak and the allied armies are able to outmaneuver the Mûmakanril and win the ‘Battle of Blood’, so named for the murderous losses on all sides. This event sparks the fire of rebellion in Gan and Tuktan (inspired by Koronandën agents of course).
2160 – 68: The war goes on without a decision, but in the end Mûmakan is exhausted by fighting against three states and dealing with the internal uprisings.
2170: Mûmakan signs a treaty in which he returns Tantûrak’s former posessions and pays heavy reparations to Koronandë and Hathor. Gan and Tuktan remain in the Mûmakanril empire but are given a great deal of autonomy.
2178: The sacred Haradan well at Tresti fails. The ancient city is abandoned and the practice of Moon worship in Far Harad begins to decline.
2182: The army of Chennacatt defeats the eastern wing of the Army of the Southern Dragon at the old city of Chennacatt. Ny Chennacatt is sealed.
2194: Akhôrahil’s subterfuge finally bears fruit in Far Harad. Pon lfta is crowned King in Bozisha-Dar with Akhorahil acting as the true power behind the throne. His reign marks the inception of the cruel Sun Lord dynasty in Far Harad.
2205: Pon Ifta sends his forces against Ciryatandor and within the year conquers that realm. Behind the scenes Akhôrahil remains the prime master of the region as all is going according to his plans.
2224: The Sun Lord’s army moves against Tulwang.
2229: Tulwang falls to Far Haradan forces.
2460: Sauron, displeased with the standstill in southern Middle-earth orders Jí Indûr south.
2460 – 2941: Jí Indûr returns to Amaru and rules Mûmakan as Jí Amaav IV.
2470: Jí Indûr starts a campaign of reorganization and (re)conquest that brings all of southern Middle-earth east of Koronandë/Tantûrak and south of the Yellow Mountains under Mûmakan’s firm control (including all of the great southern archipelago). Only Koronandë and Hathor, backed by the Elves of Tâliran, remain free of the Shadow.
2643: The Sun Lord’s army moves against Hyarn. At the battle of Sîr Carun, the Sun Lord’s army is decimated by the forces of Hyarn. This halts any further conquest south. The army of Hyarn is supported by a large force sent by Tantûrak and the Dominions. This halts the Sun Lord’s plans for further conquest south. In the following decades the rulers of Far Harad are able to force Chennacatt into a vassal state.
2758: Three fleets from Umbar and Harad land along the southern coasts of Gondor. The invaders ravage the southern portions of the South Kingdom. The Long Winter grips northwestern Endor.
2838: Elenna Chy gives birth to Jenna, son of the Mûmakanril lord Apyssan.
2849: Unrest begins to stir in the whole Mûmakan empire against the Ringwraith’s oppressive rule. Sare becomes the center of discontent.
2857: Jenna Chy leads a Sare army against the city of Tûl Harar, takes the great port, and announces his war on Isra (see ICE’s Greater Harad) and Harshandat, conquering them within the year.
2859: Jenna Chy’s Campaign of the Five Marches results in the conquest of Gan, Mûmakan, Tuktan, Dûshera, Hathor and Koronandë. Tantûrak sues for peace and becomes a subject state of E-Sorul Sare. Surprisingly, Mûmakan the prime target of the Sare, surrenders quickly. Jí Indûr remains hidden in Amaru and plans the fall of the Sare. By rallying all powers of the Free Peoples in the South for the Sare cause, the Ringwraith is able to estimate their strength and then eliminate them when they have wasted their resources in petty wars.
2865 – 75: The Island Wars result in the apogee of the E-Chy empire. Mûlambur, Likh, Amirakh, Kirakh, Cevra, and Arth all fall to marine forces of the Sare.
2879: Jenna Chy dies of Es-keppa, a water-born disease. Soon thereafter, lacking an adequate successor, his empire begins to fall apart as most of the conquered states free themselves from the foreign rule.
2850 – 90: The Servants of the Real Fire seize control of the Mag and (for a time) Tumag lands. In Tumag they are met by the Ûsakani and Tantûraki and must leave most of the land to the emperor in Sarûl.
2871: Khelekar is able to kick Ardûval out of his position as the “Magician” and take the office for himself.
2906 – 31: Jí Indûr begins his great reconquest of Mûmakan. All of the former Mûmakan provinces (and then some) again fall under his rule, now free from any serious resistance versus the Shadow.
2937: After a brief respite Indûr completes his triumph with the conquest of Hathor, Koronandë and Mûlambur. Tantûrak, under the sway of the “Magician” (now Saurons servant Khelekar) becomes Mûmakans official ally and extends its empire in the next sixty years all over Tumag and great parts of Mag. The Seven Lands (see ICE’s Shadow in the South), united against the outer threat, prove stubborn and pose a threat in the southwestern flank of the Dark Lord’s minions.
2941: Sauron goes home to the Dark Tower, leaving his threatened hold at Dol Guldur in Rhovanion. His Ringwraiths gather beside him.
3018 – 19: War of the Ring. Indûr leads a great army of Mûmakan north, part of which perishes in the Battle of Pelennor Fields while the greater part waits in Gorgoroth. The Ringwraiths pass out of Arda forever when the Ruling Ring is destroyed and Sauron of Mordor is overthrown. On the same day that the One Ring perishes in flame, the Mûmakanar holy city of Amaru is ruined by a powerful earthquake.
3021: End of the Third Age in the West.

The Fourth Age

3: Koronandë revolts against the Mûmakan rule. In only five months all Mûmakanril occupational forces are defeated and retreat eastward.
4: Hathor and Tuktan rise against Mûmakan, too.
7: The Sun Lord dynasty falls. Ciryatandor regains its independence.
c. 15: Total collapse of Indûr’s former empire. Defeated in the North and threatened in their own realm, the Mûmakanril must retreat into their core lands as nearly all their former subjects simultaneously revolt.
c. 20: With the rise of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor in the Far North trade begins to flourish again. The “Magician” is made a false advisor and must flee Sarûl altogether with his servants. As the power of the Reunited Realm’s troops pacify much of Harad, peace comes to the Mûmakan region too.

*: The time of this campaign.

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