02 · Introduction

The fortunes of Durin’s Dwarves during the Third Age waxed and waned with the passage of time. Nowhere was this more evident than in their attempts to colonize the Grey Mountains. Though they struggled in the face of an unforgiving and, at times, inhospitable climate, the proud Dwarves were ultimately driven from their halls. They returned empty-handed to Erebor, the Lonely Mountain. Ever the bane of Morgoth’s creatures, they fell victim to the lust of the Dragons of the Withered Heath.

Thus it was as Gimli (of the Nine Walkers) recorded :

“Thrain 1, Nain’s son, came to Erebor, the Lonely Mountain, near the eastern eaves of Mirkwood and there he began new works, and became King under the Mountain… But Thorin 1 his son removed and went into the far north to the Grey Mountains, where most of Durin’s folk were now gathering ; for those mountains were rich and little explored. But there were Dragons in the wastes beyond ; and after many years they became strong again and multiplied and they made war on the Dwarves, and plundered their works—At last Dain together with Fror his second son, was slain at the doors of his hall by a great cold-drake.” — Appendix A, LOTR III

The Dwarves, to their own detriment, aroused in the Dragons an insatiable wrath ; and in the times that followed the great Drakes roamed the barren Heath, searching for new foes on whom to vent their rage. But there were none to be found ; the lands about were desolate. And so the Dragons quarreled with one another, and a time of violence erupted in the Withered Heath, the principal battle ground. For centuries, they fought until, finally, they destroyed each other. From the ruins of battle no victor emerged.

2.1 Overview

From the menacing southern faces to the gentlest northern slopes, from the dry wastes of the Withered Heath to the fringes of Gundabad, the Ered Mithrin is a place of cold beauty, a veil over the peril that lies beneath. The Grey Mountains stretch for over four hundred miles ; as such they form the northern border of Rhovanion, blunting the effects of the Forodwaith’ s blizzards on Mirkwood.

Like the stroke of an axe, the Withered Heath splits the eastern part of the range into two forks. A huge tract of tortured land, it is alien to the surrounding mountains and valleys. North of the mountains, the broken plateaus and disjointed hills of the Forodwaith stretch far beyond the horizon, the bleak landscape a testimony to Morgoth’s curse. In contrast, the Nan

Taurduin south of the mountains is a pleasant land, abundant with wildlife. The region abounds with danger and wonder, challenging all.

The races which make the region their home are many and varied. Vassal Orc tribes of Mount Gundabad prowl the western, southern, and eastern slopes, maintaining a guard for the Rhunnish supply trains and making occasional forays into the lowlands. The Beijabar (Beornings) range the lowlands, their numbers greatest in and around the Nan Taurduin. Dwarves of Durin’s tribe mine the central and southeastern mountains, delving at the mountain roots for the abundant silver. In the northern foothills stands the stronghold of the Ice-orcs, Kala Dulakurth (aOr. Dark-ice Fortress). The castle is cunningly constructed from a large, hollow outcrop of basalt which rests upon a level table of sandstone. From here the Akul-uruks (Or. Ice-orcs) survey the north, patrolling the region for the Witch-king. Nothing transpires in the north without their knowledge.

Of late, the silence of the mountains has been broken by the roar of Dragons in rage, the night skies lit by flashes of Dragon-fire. Once again, these feared beasts stalk the Heath.

2.2 The History of the Gray Mountains

The Elder Days

The Grey Mountains were once but a part of a great mountain chain that stretched across the northern part of the world. The War of Wrath at the end of the First Age changed the shape of Middle-earth. Apart from broken and shattered hills in the far North, and the Iron Hills to the south-west, the Grey Mountains are all that remain of Morgoth’s mighty chain, the Iron Mountains.

In the years that followed the awakening of Men, the Grey Mountains were the location of many Adan holy sites. Although they were later abandoned as the Edain moved westward toward Beleriand, the mysterious ancient sites remain sacred to the Rhovanion Northmen. This was especially so in the case of the Beijabar, as the northern groups utilized these sacred sites in latter-day rituals.

The Second Age was a dark time for the men of Middle-earth. The Númenóreans seldom came far inland, certainly never further than the eaves of Mirkwood. Orcs issued from under Mount Gundabad to harass the peoples of the region ; dark things entered Mirkwood. However, the threat was lessened when Sauron was defeated in S.A. 1701 by the Elves and the Númenóreans.

In the Grey Mountains themselves, the Dragons slept. Having fled the ruin of Thangorodrim, they hid themselves in an effort to escape the detection of the Valar and their servants. The Ice-orcs established themselves in the northern foothills, remaining apart from the other races. Of the great battle that ended the Second Age, only rumor came to the cold North.

The foundation of Angmar

The first millennium of the Third Age was, generally, a quiet time in the North. But around the year 1300 a dramatic change came over the region. In the Witch-realm of Angmar, north-west of the Ered Mithrin, Orcs and other evil creatures grew in number.

Angmar was not a fertile land. The growing season was too short, and agriculture was limited. Food was thus imported from more arable lands. Grain and other foodstuffs were transported overland from Rhún to feed the men of Angmar ; and the Northrons (Estaravi) of the upper Anduin vales grew food for the Orcs. The Arthedain soon learned of this from their spies in Rhovanion, and mercenaries were hired to sabotage these practices.

From T.A. 1370 to 1395 Arthedain’ s Northmen mercenaries regularly raided Estaravi lands and attacked the wains from Rhún. The Asharag Orc-tribe from near Mount Gundabad was sent to further strengthen the guard on the supply trains, and thereafter the Arthadan mercenaries were not as successful in their raids as they had been at first. The vengeful Orcs also had an effect upon the Beijabar population. Many departed south, while others were forced to retreat into the remotest regions of the Narrows.

Silverplunge and Scatha the Worm

In T.A. 1440 a small band of Durin’s folk traveled north from Khazad-dum and established a silver mine at Mount Gondmaeglom, the Ered Mithrin’s tallest peak (10,720 ft.) The mine was called Silverplunge, for the mountain was rich in silver and the veins ran deep. For almost two hundred years this small group prospered, and Khazad-dum’s wealth increased. Then, suddenly, all contact with the outpost was lost.

The Great Plague (T.A. 1635 to 1640) was first thought to have claimed the small colony ; but many years later Durin’s folk learned that it was not so. It was no plague, or disease, that brought an end to Silverplunge, but the wrath of a powerful Dragon.

The diggings of the Dwarves (and Orcs) had stirred the Dragons from their long slumber ; but they were also called forth by the malice of Sauron. The rise of the ancient drakes was an ominous warning to the peoples of the North. Dragons were once again seen stalking the bleak mountainsides and glacial valleys of the Ered Mithrin.

And so it was that Scatha the Worm, newly awoke, greedy and aggressive, stormed the halls of Silverplunge in T.A. 1635. He routed the Dwarves, slaying each and every one, and he plundered their riches for his own.

The fall of Angmar

The North-kingdom of the Dunedain was overrun and destroyed by the armies of the Witch-king in T.A. 1974. The next year the vengeful forces of the Elves and Gondor counter-attacked and annihilated their vile foes. The realm of Angmar was finished.

The Orc-army of Mount Gundabad also was destroyed, although the city-hold remained intact. The new Ashdurbuk (Lord of Gundabad) was openly flouted by the Grey Mountain Orcs ; and his inability to maintain control over the mountain tribes resulted in a loss of power.

With the collapse of the Witch-king’s realm, the Éothéod, led by Frumgar, removed to the upper Anduin vales. The Eotheod were a hostile force who threatened the Orcs of Mount Gundabad and kept them under a virtual siege. The Estaravi, the former inhabitants of the land, had provided a major source of food for the Orcs, but they were driven off or slain by the Eotheod. This proved disastrous for the Orcs.

The trials of Durin’s Folk

In the search for mithril, Durin’s folk in Khazad-dum dug far beneath Caradhras (S. Redhorn), and their delving touched upon an ancient network of tunnels—the Under-deeps. These Under-deeps had served as a prison to a hideous creature, a Balrog of Morgoth, who, rising from the darkness, followed the Dwarves into their mines and slew the king, Durin VI. Defense was useless, and so the Dwarves abandoned their mines to the evil beast.

A year later Nain I was slain in a vain sortie against the Balrog, and the Dwarves fled Moria. Many went north, up the Anduin vales, while others, led by Thrain I (the new king), traveled east through Mirkwood.

The greater part of the Dwarves had taken the northern route in their flight. After many years of wandering they came to the Grey Mountains, and there learned the fate of Silverplunge. Broken in their despair from the loss of Moria, the Dwarves began new delvings, finding the mountains of their new home to be rich in silver. In T.A. 1994 they established a new settlement. It became known as Thundercleft.

Thrain I led his company first through Mirkwood then north to Erebor, the Lonely Mountain. At Erebor the Dwarves founded a Dwarf-kingdom “under the mountain” (c. T.A. 1999). There Thrain found the Arkenstone—a beautiful jewel, pure white in hue. It was the heart if Thrain’s realm. In 2002 contact was established with the Dwarves of the Ered Mithrin and Thrain learned of the fate of Silverplunge.

Over the course of the next century and a half, the Dwarves expanded in the Ered Mithrin, where silver was in abundance. Many Dwarves left Erebor and moved to the North, and more colonies were founded. Norr-dum was established in T.A. 2095, Silverpit in 2149. Long Peak was excavated three years later.

Thorin I became king of Durin’s tribe in T.A. 2190 and, in 2210, he left Erebor and removed to the Grey Mountains. Norr-dum became the capital of Durin’s folk. There was a brief skirmish with the Asharag Orcs who raided the isolated settlement of Long Peak. The Dwarves hunted them down and slew the entire tribe.

The Eotheod went to the aid of Gondor in T.A. 2509, for a force of Orcs and Easterlings assailed their eastern border. Eorl the Young won a mighty victory on the field of Celebrant, defeating Gondor’s would-be invaders. As a reward the Eotheod were given the land of Calenardhon to dwell in. They migrated south during the next two years. This proved to be a blessing for the Orcs of Mount Gundabad who, freed from their siege, began to reassert themselves as a power in the North.

The Dwarves mined the Grey Mountains for nearly four hundred years ; and they prospered, in a fashion, though they never forgot the wonder and splendor of Khazad-dum. More Dragons appeared in the Withered Heath. From c. T.A. 2550 they were increasingly active and they began to trouble the Dwarves. A Dragon would suddenly appear, slay many Dwarves, then leave, taking the bodies of the fallen. Thereafter the Dwarves traveled only in large groups, well-armed. Trade with the peoples of Rhovanion was rendered virtually impossible. In their mines and smithies the Dwarves were isolated, but they had resolved not give up their mountain homes.

The dragons attack

Khuzadrepa (Kh. Dwarf-slayer?) the Foul first struck at the Dwarven mining settlements. In T.A. 2563 he took Thundercleft in a furious assault. The few Dwarven miners who escaped south to Norr-dum told of dark powers and horror unimaginable. For Thundercleft was not taken by might alone ; Khuzadrepa also was accounted a mighty sorcerer. It is said that his vile spells broke the will of the Dwarves who sought to defend their town.

Soon after, in T.A. 2578, Angurth drove the Dwarves from their halls beneath Long Peak. The resolute Naugrim tried to stand their ground but could not prevail against the intense heat of his fiery breath. The brave actions of a small group of Dwarven miners allowed a greater part of the colony to escape. They fled west to Norr-dum with their tale of ruin and woe. King Nain II listened to the fate of his smallest settlement, and his head bowed with grief. At length he came to his main hall and cursed the Dragons, vowing never to surrender Norr-dum or Silverpit to the foul Worms.

Indeed, it seemed that their luck had changed when, in T.A. 2580, the Cold-drake Leucaruth was slain by Nain II in an attempted assault upon Norr-dum. But it was only a temporary respite, for in 2589 Ando-anca fell upon the Dwarven hold. He smashed through the outer defenses and slew King Dain I before the door of his own halls. He then sacked the treasury of Norr-dum and piled the wealth of Norr-dum and of Durin’s folk into a vast mound ; and Dain’s former throne room became Ando-anca’s hoard chamber. From there he hunted the Dwarves across the mountains as they fled.

The tale of Scatha the Worm

Following the wide-ranging destruction of the War of Wrath, the Dragons fled the ruin of Thangorodrim, and as the world entered a new Age, so too they entered the bleak landscape of the Grey Mountains. There they slept for an Age, and more. The years rolled past uncounted ; not until the middle years of the Third Age did the Dragons begin to stir. The diggings of the Dwarves and Orcs roused the slumbering Dragons, and the growing power of Sauron beckoned to them.

One of these was Scatha the Worm, the eldest surviving son of Glaurung, Father of Dragons. Scatha was the first to wake from dormancy around T.A. 1600. A vain beast, he suffered no rival ; thus the Dwarves of Silverplunge raised his ire, and he lusted for their treasure. In 1635, he came to Mount Gondmaeglom and the Dwarven outpost of Silverplunge. The Dwarves were taken completely unaware, and the slaughter that followed left not a single Dwarf alive. Silverplunge became Scatha’s lair ; its main hall was turned into his hoard chamber, and the mound of silver and other precious metals within it was immense. Yet Scatha was not content with his massacre of the Dwarven colony. He remained active, roaming throughout the area in search of mischief and more treasure.

From T.A. 1650 onwards, he continually raided Mannish dwellings and wagon trains. Stories tell of his son, Hyarleuca, who joined him in his attacks against the Beijabar, and together they made the Narrows uninhabitable. The Beijabar fled west and south to their kinfolk in the Anduin vales to escape Scatha’s fury.

His pride grew apace with his greed. In T.A. 1995, he turned his attention to the Eotheod and their lands about the upper Anduin vales. This ultimately proved his undoing, for Fram, son of Frumgar, Lord of the Eotheod, tracked Scatha back to his lair, and there slew him. As he died Scatha stared at Fram with his baleful eyes and laid upon him a terrible curse. But Fram did not heed his words, and he took Scatha’s hoard back to his own lands. There they had peace from the long-worms for many years.

Fram, using his treasure, built a town, Framsburg, for his people. But when the Dwarves of Thundercleft and Erebor learned of the slaying of Scatha, they demanded that Fram yield the hoard. Fram refused and offered them only a necklace made from the Dragon’s teeth. The Dwarves were incensed by Fram’s petty offer, and soon afterwards Fram was murdered. His death was shrouded in mystery ; it is said (by some) that Scatha’s curse was visited upon him. The Eotheod, however, blamed the Dwarves for his death, and there was ill feeling between the two races for many a year.

The rotted carcass of Scatha lay in Silverplunge, casting a pall of death over the ancient Dwarven halls. In later times it was again occupied ; by lesser evil beasts—Orcs, Cave-drakes and other such fell creatures.

Narvi V and the legend of Celeb-Ost

Narvi V was a descendant of the acclaimed master smith, Narvi of Khazad-dum, the maker of the Westgate. He is remembered both with admiration and great sorrow. He was a fiery orator and a master craftsman, held to be one of the greatest smiths of Durin’s folk. As one of the first Dwarves to be born in Erebor (T.A. 2009), he grew up with tales of Khazad-dum ; its beauty and its mithril. The true-silver of Moria became an obsession with the young Narvi. It was rare in Erebor, for little of it was taken by the Dwarves in their hasty flight from Moria.

Mithril was the corner-stone to Narvi’s flawed nature ; it was the cause of his feud with the King, Thrain I. For Narvi held that mithril should be available to all smiths, especially himself, whereas Thrain had decreed that only the most experienced smiths should work with the wondrous metal. Narvi reckoned himself a master craftsman (as indeed he was), but to the other Dwarves he was still a “youngster”. He became bitter and long spoke against the King’s policies ; many heated debates he had with Thorin I, heir to the throne. Narvi’s rebellious nature finally led to his expulsion from the school of Smithing. His answer was to speak out in public against the King, and while not openly advocating treason, his tone spoke volumes.

Large silver deposits, greater than any ever found in Khazad-dum, were discovered at Thundercleft in the Ered Mithrin, c. T.A. 2084. Excited by the news, Narvi believed that mithril would surely soon be found. He sought to remove to the Ered Mithrin but was denied by Thrain, who wished to “keep an eye” on the proud Dwarf. Narvi was faced with the choice of an inglorious exile or remaining in Erebor. He chose the former, and his heart was forever turned against his King.

Narvi conducted secret meetings with many like-minded young Dwarves, and in T.A. 2086 he finally convinced two hundred to follow him into exile. Thrain let him go, though his heart was heavy for he felt that ill would come of them. It was the first (and only) serious dissension within Durin’s folk.

Narvi led his followers north into the Ered Mithrin. They went further than the other Dwarves, and settled above the Withered Heath, in the north-eastern spur. There they fashioned dwellings out of a natural cavern complex. Within two years they had latched onto a huge vein of silver. This wealth the miners brought to the surface convinced Narvi that mithril would soon be found. His pride and greed grew, twisting his mind. He became acutely paranoid. He ordered that the halls be heavily fortified, for he believed that Thrain would learn of his silvermine and challenge him for it. Their halls became known as Celeb-ost, the silver fortress.

Narvi ruled like a tyrant, and he gathered about himself a group of henchmen to do his bidding. His mind became increasingly unstable. When fewer than a score of years had passed, the Dwarves of Celeb-ost became divided. The tension escalated between the two factions. The other, led by Nalin, a well-known and talented smith, wished to return to Erebor. But Narvi refused to let them go. He feared that they would disclose to Thrain and Thorin the location of Celeb-ost. When the group tried to force their way out. Narvi ordered them slain, and the evil deed was done.

With the rebellion to his rule suppressed. his henchmen returned to their mines. The times that followed were hard, and the search for true-silver was in vain. No mithril was found. This proved too much for Narvi ; delusion and greed were his masters, and his mind (or what was left) soon snapped. By treachery, he slew each and every one of his henchmen, so that he alone could possess the mithril. For although none was found, his mind told him otherwise, and he clutched desperately co his dream. He wandered crazed and broken among the mines, searching for a lost hope, until at last he died.

However, in death he found not rest ; his ghost still walks with those he foully murdered. Together they stalk the empty halls of Celeb-ost, ceaselessly guarding Narvi’s much-desired “mithril”, suffering none to come near it.

2.3 The Gray Mountains in later times

From T.A. 2600 to the fall of Erebor

The Dwarves fled from their Grey Mountain holds ; bitter and disenchanted, they returned to Erebor, although some went east to the Iron hills. With—the passing of the Dwarves from the Ered Mithrin, the Dragons ruled supreme in the region. But they soon found they had no new settlements to plunder ; the mountains were desolate and the lands to the south empty of men. Ever acquisitive, the Dragons became restless, and consumed by their pride and jealousy of other Drake’s hoards, they turned upon each other. Conflict was inevitable.

The Withered Heath bore witness to many a fierce encounter, becoming a battle-field. The earth was pitted and blackened with their marks of war ; the peaks resounded with the sound of Dragons roaring in victory and defeat. Of these savage duels only rumor and disquiet came to the south lands. The Orcs hid in fear, and the Akul-uruks abased themselves before Throkmaw and worshipped him. Some Dragons left the range, driven out by the more powerful Drakes. They returned north, from whence they had first come.

However, Smaug the Golden flew south, leaving the fruitless combat to the lesser Dragons. For news had come to his wicked ears of new Dwarven wealth, at Erebor. In T.A. 2770 he descended upon the Lonely Mountain. The nearby town of Dale he razed to the ground. Girion, its Lord, was slain. Only a small number of Dwarves escaped the sack of Erebor. Thror, Thrain, and Thorin among them, they fled first to the Iron Hills, and Smaug hunted them across the land. Once more the Dwarves were bereft of a home.

Close of the Third Age

Azog, Lord of Gundabad and ruler of a large Orcish empire, brought the rebellious Grey Mountain tribes to heel for the first time since the fall of Angmar nearly a thousand years before. In a short, brutal campaign (T.A. 2775–76), he ensured that tribute again flowed to Gundabad. In T.A. 2790, he murdered the Dwarf-lord Thror, who had gone on a crazed pilgrimage to Moth. This precipitated the War between the Dwarves and the Orcs. Three years later, the muster of the Dwarves was complete. In the search for Azog, their vengeful forces sacked every Orc-hold in the Misty Mountains, including Mount Gundabad. In T.A. 2799 they came to the vale of Azanulbizar, before the East-gate of Mona. There they fought a great battle. The Orc host was huge, but the wrath of the Dwarves prevailed ; Azog was slain, and his army perished. Revenge was visited upon the Orcs, though at great cost to the Dwarves—barely half their number remained.

Over the next century and a half, Bolg, son of Azog. sought to rebuild his father’s empire. Mount Gundabad, not Mona, was the center of his realm, for he desired to rule the north lands. Bolg re-established Orc-holds in the Grey Mountains ; many of the old Dwarven tunnels were occupied by the Orcs, creating a huge network under the southern peaks of the range. Those Dragons left in the area did not stir.

In T.A. 2941, Smaug was slain by Bard of Esgaroth, a descendant of Girion. Bolg learned of Smaug’s death and desired revenge on the Dwarves for the slaying of his vassal, the Great Goblin. He mustered and led them to Erebor. There the Battle of Five Armies was fought amongst the ruins of Dale. The Elves, Dwarves and Men had the victory over Bolg’s legions of Orcs and Wargs. Thorin II was slain by Bolg, who was in turn slain by Beorn, the mighty Beorning lord. Damn II Ironfoot, was installed as the new King of Durin’s folk. He restored the Kingdom “under the mountain” to its former glory. Thorin II was buried at the heart of the mountain and the Arkenstone laid upon his breast ; Orcrist, the mighty Elf-sword, was laid at his side. Fili and Kili his sister-sons were buried next to him. Bard became King of Dale, which was rebuilt.

The Orcs were decimated by their defeat in the Battle of Five Armies. Only one tribe remained in the Grey Mountains, the remnants of the three that had once dwelt there. During the War of the Ring these Orcs and a depleted force from Mount Gundabad assailed Thranduil’s folk and the Woodmen in Mirkwood. They attacked to no avail, and with the fall ofSauron the remaining Orcs lost heart and fled. Small bands escaped the Elves to return to the mountains. It was the beginning of a new Age.

2.4 A brief timeline

c. T.A. 1300: The realm of Angmar is founded.
c. 1350: The supply trains begin travelling from Rhún to Angmar during the summer and autumn months.
c. 1370–1395: Attacks upon the supply trains, perpetrated by Northmen. increase. (Actually mercenaries in the pay of Arthedain).
1395: Under pressure from the Witch-king. Gundabad sends the Asharag tribe to the eastern Fred Mithrin to guard the supply trains.
1440: The Dwarves of Khazad-dum establish an outpost at Mount Gondmaeglom, in the central Ered Mithrin. called Silverplunge.
1600: The first of the Dragons begins to stir.
1635: Scatha the Worm attacks Silverplunge, making it his lair. No Dwarves survive.
1635–1640: The Great Plague sweeps across north-western Middle-earth. Rhovanion is devastated. The plague is little felt in the cold north.
c. 1670: The Narrows are laid waste by marauding Dragons. The Beijabar leave the north, migrating to join their kinfolk in the lower Anduin vales.
c.: 1950 More Dragons begin appearing in the Ered Mithrin–
1975: End of the North-kingdom of the Dunedain : defeat of the Witch-king’s army and the fall of Angmar.
1975–1980: With the collapse of Angmar Gundabad loses its hold upon the far-flung Orc tribes of the mountains—The three tribes in the Grey Mountains, always more independent than others (due to isolation). send no more tribute to Gundabad.
1977: The Eotheod are led northward by Frumgar. This has a disastrous effect upon Mount Gundabad.
1980: Delving deep beneath Caradhras (S. Redhorn) Durin’s folk in Mona loose a Balrog. Durin VI is slain. The Balrog forces them from the lower levels.
1981: Nain I is slain in a vain sortie against the Balrog ; the Dwarves abandon Moria. Many flee north up through the Anduin vales, while others, tinder Thrain I (the new King). go east through Mirkwood. e-1990 Most of Durin’s folk gather at the Grey Mountains. They begin to establish themselves in the region.
1994: Durin’s folk found a new silver mine in the Ered Mithrin. This later becomes known as Thundercleft. c.l999 The rest of Durin’s folk settle at Erebor. the Lonely Mountain.
1995–2000: Scatha begins his raids into Eotheod lands. His son, Hyarleuca, often joins him.
c. 2001: Fram of die Eotheod slays Scatha the Worm.
c. 2001–2500: The Dragons, following the death of Scatha, are not seen for many years.
c. 2001–2005: Using the Dragon hoard, Fram rebuilds the old Estaravi fort. Wraecburg. above the river Langwell. He creates a new capital for the Eotheod, naming it Framsburg.
2003: The two sundered branches of Durin’s folk, at Erebor and Thundercleft, re-establish contact. Thrain I learns of the fate of Silverplunge, and of the slaying of Scatha.
2005: Learning of Fram’s wealth. Thrain I of Erebor demands he yield the treasure. Fram is murdered. The Eotheod blame the Dwarves for his death. There is no great love between the two races.
2050–2150: The Dwarves in the north expand their mining activities. Silverpit, Long Peak and Norr-dum are established. Many Dwarves of Erebor remove to the Fred Mithrin.
2086: Narvi V chooses to go into exile in the Grey Mountains. taking with him two hundred of his followers from Erebor. They are never seen again.
2210: Thorin I. the new King, leaves Erebor and goes north to the Ered Mithrin–
2360: The Asharag tribe is wiped out by the Dwarves–
2510–2512: Eorl the Young wins the victory of the Field of the Celebrant. Under the leadership of Eorl. the Éothéod remove south to settle in Calenardhon. Deserted. Framsburg soon falls into ruin. It is looted by the Orcs of Gundabad, who have inherited control of the upper Anduin vales.
c. 2550: The Dragons are unquiet in the Withered Heath.
2563: Khuzadrepa the Foul takes Thundercleft— The surviving Dwarves flee to Norr-dum.
2570: Smaug the Golden flies south from the Barl Synac. He makes his lair at Anvilmount. a vast delving that was an Adan holy site in the First Age. Typically he defiles and plunders the tombs.
2578: Angurth storms Long Peak. Few Dwarves escape.
2580: Leucaruth is slain attempting to seize Norr-dum.
2589: The Cold-drake Ando-anca slays the Dwarf-king Dain I, sacking Norr-dum. The Dwarves abandon the Grey Mountains. Many return to Erebor with Thror, the new King. Others go with Gror to the Iron Hills.
2590: Ruingurth occupies the deserted Silverpit.
2600–2750: The Dragons fight amongst themselves–
2770: Smaug learns of the new wealth of Erebor. He leaves the Ered Mithrin and descends upon the Lonely Mountain. Dale is destroyed. Girion. Lord of Dale. falls—Thror. Thrain. and Morin escape. Few others survive.
2780: Azog, the Ashdurbuk of Mount Gundabad. asserts his control over the Ered Mithrin tribes. Tribute again flows to Gundabad.
2799: Following the disaster of the Battle of Azanulbizar. Bolg consolidates in the north. The Unik-erag rebel but arc ruthlessly suppressed.
c. 2800–2900: Bolg strengthens his numbers in the north. Orcs re-occupy the old Asharag holds.
2941: Smaug is slain by Bard, a descendant of Girion. The Battle of Five Armies. Thorin lI is slain. Bolg is slain. The Orc numbers are diminished in the north.
2950–3000: Orc numbers increase slowly in the north. There is now only one tribe in the Fred Mithrin.
3018–3020: The War of the Ring. Grey Mountain Orcs battle Thranduil’s folk and the Woodmen under Mirkwood. Few Orcs escape back to the North.

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